Dietary Assessment of Korean Non-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with or without Diabetes
이혜수 ( Lee Hye-Su ) - Seoul National University College of Human Ecology Department of Food and Nutrition
김현숙 ( Kim Hyun-Suk ) - Hallym University Medical Center Department of Internal Medicine
김태연 ( Kim Tae-Yeon ) - Seoul National University College of Human Ecology Department of Food and Nutrition
류현진 ( Ryu Hyun-Jin ) - Seoul National University College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine
주달래 ( Ju Dal-Lae ) - Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center Department of Nutrition
장미영 ( Jang Mi-Young ) - Seoul National University Hospital Food Service and Nutritional Care
오국환 ( Oh Kook-Hwan ) - Seoul National University College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine
안규리 ( Ahn Curie ) - Seoul National University College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine
한성림 ( Han Sung-Nim ) - Seoul National University College of Human Ecology Department of Food and Nutrition
Abstract
Background: Dietary intervention at the early stage of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is important for preventing progression to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). However, few studies have investigated dietary intake of CKD patients in non-dialysis stage. Therefore, we investigated the dietary intake of Korean non-dialysis CKD patients and aimed to establish baseline data for the development of dietary education and intervention strategies for CKD patients.
Methods: Three hundred fifty CKD patients who visited Seoul National University Hospital outpatient clinic from February 2016 to January 2017 were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Subjects on dialysis and those who had undergone kidney transplantation were excluded. Dietary intake, demographic information, and biochemical characteristics of 256 subjects who completed three-day dietary records were analyzed. Subjects were divided into four groups based on diabetes mellitus (DM) (DM-CKD and Non-DM-CKD groups) and kidney function (Early-CKD and Late-CKD groups).
Results: Total energy intake was lower in the Late-CKD group compared with the Early-CKD group. In men, carbohydrate intake was higher and protein and fat intakes tended to be lower in the Late-CKD group compared with the Early-CKD group. In women, carbohydrate intake tended to be lower in the DM-CKD group than the Non-DM-CKD group. Protein intake tended to be higher in the DM-CKD groups. Phosphorus and sodium intakes were higher in the DM-CKD groups compared with the Non-DM-CKD groups in women, and tended to be higher in the DM-CKD groups in men.
Conclusion: DM and kidney function affected energy and nutrient intakes. Subjects in the Late-CKD group consumed less energy than those in the Early-CKD group. Non-DM subjects seemed to restrict protein intake starting from the Early-CKD stage than subjects with DM. Subjects in this study had low energy and high sodium intakes compared with recommended levels. Protein intake was lower in advanced CKD patients, but their intake level was still higher than the recommendation. Dietary intervention strategies for non-dialysis CKD patients need to be customized depending on the presence of DM and kidney function.
키워드
Chronic Kidney Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Intake; Non-Dialysis; Kidney Function
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