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Recent Research Progress in the Microbial Production of Aromatic Compounds Derived from L-Tryptophan
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ÀÌÁö¿µ ( Lee Ji-Yeong ) - Kyungsung University School of Food Biotechnology & Nutrition
ÀÌÁøÈ£ ( Lee Jin-Ho ) - Kyungsung University School of Food Biotechnology & Nutrition
Abstract
¹æÇâÁ· ÈÇÕ¹°Àº ÈÇÐ, ½Äǰ, °íºÐÀÚ, ÈÀåǰ, ÀÇ¾à »ê¾÷ µî¿¡ ÀÌ¿ëµÇ´Â Áß¿äÇÑ ¹°Áú·Î, ÇöÀç±îÁö ´ëºÎºÐ ÈÇÐ ÇÕ¼º¹ý ¶Ç´Â ½Ä¹° ÃßÃâ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¸¸µé¾îÁø´Ù. ±×·¯³ª, ȼ® ¿¬·áÀÇ °í°¥, Áö±¸ ¿Â³È, ȯ°æ±ÔÁ¦ÀÇ °È, ½Ä¹°ÀÚ¿øÀÇ °ú´ÙÇÑ Ã¤Ãë µîÀÇ ¸¹Àº À§Çù¿äÀο¡ Á÷¸éÇÏ¸é¼ Àç»ý °¡´ÉÇÑ »ý¹°ÀÚ¿øÀ» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ ¹Ì»ý¹°À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÑ »ý¹°°øÇÐÀû ¹æ¹ýÀ¸·Î ¹æÇâÁ· ÈÇÕ¹°À» »ý»êÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¸Å¿ì À¯¸ÁÇÑ ´ë¾ÈÀÌ´Ù. ´ë»ç°øÇÐÀÌ ÇÕ¼º»ý¹°Çаú Á¢¸ñµÇ¸é¼, L-Æ®¸³ÅäÆÇ »ýÇÕ¼º °æ·Î À¯·¡ÀÇ Àΰø »ýÇÕ¼º °æ·Î°¡ Àç ±¸ÃàµÇ¾î 5-È÷µå·Ï½ÃÆ®¸³ÅäÆÇ, ¼¼·ÎÅä´Ñ, ¸á¶óÅä´Ñ, 7-¿°È-L-Æ®¸³ÅäÆÇ, 7-ºê·Î¸ð-L-Æ®¸³ÅäÆÇ, Àεð°í, Àεð·çºó, Àε¹-3-ÃÊ»ê, ¹ÙÀÌ¿À¶ó¼¼ÀÎ, µ¥¿Á½Ã¹ÙÀÌ¿À¶ó¼¼Àΰú °°Àº ´Ù¾çÇÑ °íºÎ°¡ ÈÇÕ¹°À» »ý»êÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù. º» ÃѼ³Àº ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ ¹æÇâÁ· ÈÇÕ¹°ÀÇ Æ¯¼º, ¿ëµµ, »ýÇÕ¼º °æ·Î¸¦ ¿ä¾àÇÏ¿´´Ù. ¶ÇÇÑ ¹æÇâÁ· ÈÇÕ¹°À» ¹Ì»ý¹°À» ÀÌ¿ëÇÏ¿© »ý»êÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ÃÖ½ÅÀÇ ´ë»ç°øÇÐ Àü·«°ú »ý»ê ³óµµ¸¦ ¿Ã¸®´Âµ¥ Á¦±âµÇ´Â ¹®Á¦µéÀ» ±Øº¹Çϱâ À§ÇÑ ÇØ°á¹æ¾È µîÀ» Á¤¸®ÇÏ¿© º¸°íÇÑ´Ù. ½Ã½ºÅÛ ´ë»ç °øÇп¡ ±â¹ÝÇÑ ±ÕÁÖ °³¹ß°ú Àç»ý °¡´ÉÇÑ »ý¹°ÀÚ¿øÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ ¹èÁö ¹× »ý¹°°øÁ¤ÀÇ ÃÖÀûȰ¡ ÀÌ·ç¾îÁö¸é ¹æÇâÁ· ÈÇÕ¹°ÀÇ ¹Ì»ý¹° »ý»êÀ» À§ÇÑ »ó¾÷ÀûÀ¸·Î ½ÇÇà °¡´ÉÇÑ ±â¼ú °³¹ßÀ» °¡´ÉÇÏ°Ô ÇÒ °ÍÀ¸·Î ¿¹»óµÈ´Ù.
Aromatic compounds are widely used in the chemical, food, polymer, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries and are produced by mainly chemical synthesis using benzene, toluene, and xylene or by plant extraction methods. Due to many rising threats, including the depletion of fossil fuels, global warming, the strengthening of international environmental regulations, and the excessive harvesting of plant resources, the microbial production of aromatic compounds using renewable biomass is regarded as a promising alternative. By integrating metabolic engineering with synthetic and systems biology, artificial biosynthetic pathways have been reconstituted from L-tryptophan biosynthetic pathway in relevant microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and Corynebacterium glutamicum, enabling the production of a variety of value-added aromatic compounds, such as 5-hydroxytryptophan, serotonin, melatonin, 7-chloro-L-tryptophan, 7-bromo-L-tryptophan, indigo, indirubin, indole-3-acetic acid, violacein, and dexoyviolacein. In this review, we summarize the characteristics, usage, and biosynthetic pathways of these aromatic compounds and highlight the latest metabolic engineering strategies for the microbial production of aromatic compounds and suitable solution strategies to overcome problems in increasing production titers. It is expected that strain development based on systems metabolic engineering and the optimization of media and bioprocesses using renewable biomass will enable the development of commercially viable technologies for the microbial production of many aromatic compounds.
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Aromatic compound; L-tryptophan; metabolic engineering; microbial production
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