Induction of telomere shortening and cellular apoptosis by sodium meta-arsenite in human cancer cell lines
±èÀ±µ¿, Àå½ÃÁ¤, ÀÓÀºÁö, ÇÏÁ¤¼÷, Shivakumar Sharath Belame, Á¤°èÁØ, ³ë±ÔÁø, Àüº´±Õ,
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±èÀ±µ¿ ( Kim Yoon-Dong ) - Gyeongsang National University College of Education Department of Biology Education
Àå½ÃÁ¤ ( Jang Si-Jeong ) - Gyeongsang National University College of Veterinary Medicine OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology
ÀÓÀºÁö ( Lim Eun-Ji ) - Gyeongsang National University College of Education Department of Biology Education
ÇÏÁ¤¼÷ ( Ha Jeong-Sook ) - Gyeongsang National University College of Education Department of Biology Education
( Shivakumar Sharath Belame ) - Gyeongsang National University College of Veterinary Medicine OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology
Á¤°èÁØ ( Jeong Gie-Joon ) - Gyeongsang National University College of Education Department of Biology Education
³ë±ÔÁø ( Rho Gyu-Jin ) - Gyeongsang National University College of Veterinary Medicine OBS/Theriogenology and Biotechnology
Àüº´±Õ ( Jeon Byeong-Gyun ) - Gyeongsang National University College of Education Department of Biology Education
Abstract
The present study assessed the cytotoxicity of sodium meta-arsenite (SMA) on telomere shortening and cellular apoptosis in human A-549, MDA-MB-231 and U87-MG cancer cell lines. Following 2 weeks of 1?¥ìM SMA treatment, population doubling time (PDT) was significantly (P?.05) increased by the inhibition of cell proliferation in all the cancer cell lines compared to that in untreated controls. Level of telomerase activity by relative-quantitative telomerase repeat amplification protocol was significantly (P?.05) downregulated by SMA treatment with significant (P?.05) decrease of both telomerase reverse transcriptase and telomerase RNA component transcripts, responsible for telomerase activity. A significant (P?.05) shortening of telomeric repeats by telomere restriction fragment analysis was consequently observed in SMA-treated cells. Moreover, high incidence of cells with senescence-associated ¥â-glucosidase activity was observed in SMA-treated cells and some cells were also differentiated into adipocytes probably due to the loss of tumorous characterizations. Cellular apoptosis proven by DNA fragmentation was observed, and intrinsic apoptotic transcripts (BAX, caspase 3 and caspase 9) and stress-related transcripts (p21, HSP70 and HSP90) were significantly (P?.05) increased in three cancer cell lines treated with SMA. Based on the present study, SMA treatment apparently induced a shortening of telomere length and cytotoxicity, such as induction of cell senescence, apoptosis and cell differentiation. Therefore, we conclude that SMA treatment at specific concentration can lead to gradual loss of tumorous characterizations and can be considered as a potential anti-cancer drug for chemotherapy treatment.
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Human; cancer; sodium meta-arsenite; telomere length; apoptosis
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